Section 1 Reflection: I think this section was one of the most interesting ones out of all, I learned about US which means unconditional stimulus, UR: unconditional response, CR: conditional response, and CS: conditional stimulus. Also extinction, which occurs in the conditional response. One thing that I learned about was that when you eat something and don´t really like it, its called Taste adversion.
Section 2 Reflection: I learned about something called "operant conditioning"; people and animals learn certain thing and not to do others because of the result of what they do. Also reinforcement is the passage by which the stimulus increases chances of variation, in other words i believe it means that it reinforces the stimulus to increase the possibility of variants. What I really found interesting was "timeout": Which basically you get locked in a room in the dark for 15 minutes and you can do all you want.
Section 3 Reflection: I learned about the cognitive factors of learning, which was pretty interesting. There are three types of cognitive learning; Latent learning is when it remains hidden until it is needed. Observational learning; which is learning by observing and imitating someone else´s behavior, and other thing called Vicarious reinforcement; which is psychological behavior in which most of the people do without realizing what they are doing. Also I learned some facts i didn´t knew about; like for example that if a child watches 2-4 hours of TV per day, by the time they finish elementary they will have seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence.
Section 4 Reflection: I liked this topic, even though i knew most of it because they´re things we do often every day. Like i´m actually doing right now by writing this. This section talks about Forgetting and memory improvement, and THE PQ4R method. This is composed of 4 basic words, recite, review, read, and reflect. I am doing a reflection right now, To reflect, means to try to remember and understand what you read and start reflecting. Just like I am doing right now.
Meditation is a method some people use to try narrow their consciousness so that the stresses of the outside world fade away. Many techniques have been used to accomplish this, some mediators repeat pleasing sounds called mantras, such as "am" or "sheremm" and mentally focused on these sounds.
Yesterday when i meditated i felt really weird but relaxed at the same time, my body went in a state of relaxation and calmness, I heard the narrators very inside my mind whispering what to imagine, what cause me to fully imagine and even fell everything she was saying. She talked about crossing a river and I could literally feel the breeze of the ind and water going through y body. Also In a part when the narrator told me to image my guardian angel infront of me i actually could imagine it and feel him right infront of me, It made me feel i was kind of safe and protected by someone. Later there was a point where i just fell asleep because i was just so relaxed and calm.
This was one great experience since ive never had it before until now, it was something new. It seems that meditation is one big part of dreaming and can explain many many question you could possibly have about dreams, luicid dreaming, etc.
Consciousness is defined as psychological construct. There are three levels of consciousness, precociousness which is the level when our ideas are not organised meaning they are not clearly seen, but we can still become aware of them. Later we have the unconscious level or subconscious level that is when we are not aware at all on what is happening, it just happens as an instinct. And then, the non-conscious level that is when we do things without thinking on what we are doing, many of these things were not taught to us, things such as heart beating, breathing, etc.
Section 2 Reflection: I learned about something called "operant conditioning"; people and animals learn certain thing and not to do others because of the result of what they do. Also reinforcement is the passage by which the stimulus increases chances of variation, in other words i believe it means that it reinforces the stimulus to increase the possibility of variants. What I really found interesting was "timeout": Which basically you get locked in a room in the dark for 15 minutes and you can do all you want.
Section 3 Reflection: I learned about the cognitive factors of learning, which was pretty interesting. There are three types of cognitive learning; Latent learning is when it remains hidden until it is needed. Observational learning; which is learning by observing and imitating someone else´s behavior, and other thing called Vicarious reinforcement; which is psychological behavior in which most of the people do without realizing what they are doing. Also I learned some facts i didn´t knew about; like for example that if a child watches 2-4 hours of TV per day, by the time they finish elementary they will have seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence.
Section 4 Reflection: I liked this topic, even though i knew most of it because they´re things we do often every day. Like i´m actually doing right now by writing this. This section talks about Forgetting and memory improvement, and THE PQ4R method. This is composed of 4 basic words, recite, review, read, and reflect. I am doing a reflection right now, To reflect, means to try to remember and understand what you read and start reflecting. Just like I am doing right now.
Meditation is a method some people use to try narrow their consciousness so that the stresses of the outside world fade away. Many techniques have been used to accomplish this, some mediators repeat pleasing sounds called mantras, such as "am" or "sheremm" and mentally focused on these sounds.
Yesterday when i meditated i felt really weird but relaxed at the same time, my body went in a state of relaxation and calmness, I heard the narrators very inside my mind whispering what to imagine, what cause me to fully imagine and even fell everything she was saying. She talked about crossing a river and I could literally feel the breeze of the ind and water going through y body. Also In a part when the narrator told me to image my guardian angel infront of me i actually could imagine it and feel him right infront of me, It made me feel i was kind of safe and protected by someone. Later there was a point where i just fell asleep because i was just so relaxed and calm.
This was one great experience since ive never had it before until now, it was something new. It seems that meditation is one big part of dreaming and can explain many many question you could possibly have about dreams, luicid dreaming, etc.
Consciousness is defined as psychological construct. There are three levels of consciousness, precociousness which is the level when our ideas are not organised meaning they are not clearly seen, but we can still become aware of them. Later we have the unconscious level or subconscious level that is when we are not aware at all on what is happening, it just happens as an instinct. And then, the non-conscious level that is when we do things without thinking on what we are doing, many of these things were not taught to us, things such as heart beating, breathing, etc.
The Sleeping process, this is one of the most interesting topics in the entire chapter. Sleep has
stages which are seen in brain-wave patterns measured in electroencephalograph.
Stage 1 is the stage with less sleep, brain waves slow down until they reach the
slower pattern of the theta waves. This stage lasts about 30-40 minutes if we
are not awakened during this time. Stages 2, 3, 4. Sleep
becomes deeper, while we sleep we breathe more irregularly, blood pressure
rises and the heart beats faster. After all these four stages we move to REM
sleep (rapid-eye-movement) stage is where we have most of our dreams. Then we got something called Lucid dreaming. Lucid dreaming is when we are
dreaming but we see something strange, usually out of reality and then we know
we are just dreaming.
.
Meditation
is a method some people use to try to narrow their consciousness so that the
stresses of the outside world fade away. Meditation focuses on peaceful,
repetitive stimulus. I personally tried meditation, and my whole entire body went into a relaxation, it was a very interesting experience. Biofeedback is a system that provides, or ¨feeds back,¨
about something happening in the body. During this training people learn how to
control some body functions, such as heart beat. This should be done only with
the supervision of a medical professional. Hypnosis is an altered state of
consciousness during which people respond to suggestions and behave as though
they are in trance. Freud said that when people are hypnotized they allow themselves to turn
into a childish behavior. According to other
ideas people that are hypnotized are in a play where they can be easily
manipulated and look like if what they are doing is real.
Drugs, the most interesting topic, everybody asks and knows about. Nowadays they are very commonly
used. Our society is full of them; even though they´re not legal at all. Some people take them in a medical way(which would be the correct and civilized way to use them) and other take it as a "cool" experience and what they don´t know is that they can become addicted to it. Addiction to a drug is when after a
person has taken a drug and their body asks them for more to feel good.
Depressants also known as ¨downers,are also drugs that
slow the activity of the nervous system. The most common examples of
depressants are alcohol and narcotics, Depressants are addictive. Stimulants or
¨ uppers¨ increase the nervous system activity. Some examples of stimulants are nicotine, cocaine and
amphetamines; this are addictive. Hallucinogens also known as psychedelics are
drugs that produce hallucinations, that can cause relaxation or feeling of
pleasure. Marijuana, LSD, and DMT are some example of hallucinogens. This are not
addictive, but past time they can cause some brain damage.
In
conclusion, our consciousness is one of the strongest and most mysterious systems of our body. Sleeping makes us regenerate energy for our body, but also it can open our mind, and some scientist say that it can make us open the answer for a question. Hypnosis, meditation and biofeedback are ways to manage our environment
usually used to relax or feel free of reality problems. This things have to be
done by specialized people. Drugs such as depressants and stimulants
are addictive and others such as hallucinogens are not. Still many drugs are
used for medicinal purposes but most of them are used for recreational
purposes with friends and because of that, most of them are illegal now days.
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